Steel grades
Alloy, carbon and spring steels supplied as bar, heat-treated material or prepared blanks.
Explore grades →Source · 42CrMo4 · SEM
42CrMo4 · tempered at 560°C · SEM 2000× · 10 µm. Ulrich et al. (2025), Fig. 10, lower-right panel. The study specimen is 42CrMo4, not a separately verified AISI 4140 specimen.
Selected panel; original scale retained. No retouching or generated detail.
Independent research specimen, not a JOTAIN batch or a supplied-property guarantee. Supply is defined by the ordered standard, condition and inspection records.
Ulrich, C.; Günther, S.; Becker, N. et al.. High strength tempered 42CrMo4 for shafts in drive technology (2025). DOI · CC BY 4.0.
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Prestressing systems · PT bars & couplers
Source · 42CrMo4 · SEM
42CrMo4 · tempered at 560°C · SEM 2000× · 10 µm. Ulrich et al. (2025), Fig. 10, lower-right panel. The study specimen is 42CrMo4, not a separately verified AISI 4140 specimen.
Selected panel; original scale retained. No retouching or generated detail.
Independent research specimen, not a JOTAIN batch or a supplied-property guarantee. Supply is defined by the ordered standard, condition and inspection records.
Ulrich, C.; Günther, S.; Becker, N. et al.. High strength tempered 42CrMo4 for shafts in drive technology (2025). DOI · CC BY 4.0.
View the complete source figureCr · Mo
42CrMo4
Round bars and prepared blanks
- Available sizes
- Ø20–400 mm · 3–12 m
- Condition
- Quenched & tempered
- Surface
- Black · peeled · machined
Size and property requirements are confirmed with your quotation.
Source · 40Cr
40Cr · optical micrograph · 20 µm. Chai et al. (2022), Fig. 1(c), right panel: ferrite and pearlite. The heat-treatment schedule is not reported; the image does not identify a JOTAIN annealed or QT supply condition.
Selected panel; original scale retained. No retouching or generated detail.
Independent research specimen, not a JOTAIN batch or a supplied-property guarantee. Supply is defined by the ordered standard, condition and inspection records.
Jinrong Chai, Guohua Li. Comparative Experiment of Abrasion-Corrosion-Sliding Wear Performance of Two Kinds of Low Alloy Wear-Resistant Steel (2022). DOI · CC BY 4.0.
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Source · AISI 1045
AISI 1045 · optical 500× · 50 µm. Vieira et al. (2021), Fig. 1, upper-left 10% PVP panel. Austenitized at 880°C for 60 min, quenched in agitated 10% aqueous PVP, then tempered at 180°C for 60 min; near-surface, 2% nital. This is not a CK45 specimen or evidence of grade interchangeability, nor the default supplied-bar condition.
Selected panel; original scale retained. No retouching or generated detail.
Independent research specimen, not a JOTAIN batch or a supplied-property guarantee. Supply is defined by the ordered standard, condition and inspection records.
Eduardo da Rosa Vieira, Luciano Volcanoglo Biehl, Jorge Luis Braz Medeiros, Vagner Machado Costa, Rodrigo Jorge Macedo. Evaluation of the characteristics of an AISI 1045 steel quenched in different concentration of polymer solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (2021). DOI · CC BY 4.0.
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Source · 34CrNiMo6 · QT
34CrNiMo6 · SEM · 20 µm. Huang et al. (2018), Fig. 12(e): quenched-and-tempered wrought substrate before wear, with tempered martensite. Exact QT temperature and time are not reported. The original inset is retained; laser-repaired and worn panels are excluded.
Selected panel; original scale retained. No retouching or generated detail.
Independent research specimen, not a JOTAIN batch or a supplied-property guarantee. Supply is defined by the ordered standard, condition and inspection records.
Chunping Huang, Xin Lin, Haiou Yang, Fencheng Liu, Weidong Huang. Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Laser Forming Repaired 34CrNiMo6 Steel (2018). DOI · CC BY 4.0.
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Source · 35CrMo · Q&T
35CrMo research micrograph after oil quenching and tempering at 610°C. The original 2 μm scale is retained.
Ren et al. (2023), Figure 3(b), upper-right panel. The specimen was oil quenched and then tempered at 610°C. Panels from other treatment conditions are excluded.
Rectangular crop from the 2010 × 2048 source image: (1003, 105)–(1995, 698), right and bottom edges exclusive. The top panel-letter strip and neighbouring panels are excluded; the original microstructure, complete 2 μm scale and lower white margin are retained. No retouching, sharpening, resizing or generated detail.
Ren et al. (2023), Metals 13(4), 771 · Figure 3(b) · CC BY 4.0.
Independent research material, not a JOTAIN batch image or a product acceptance result. The research treatment at 610°C is not a universal JOTAIN delivery specification; the ordered standard, condition and inspection records define supply.
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Source · 65Mn
65Mn · optical micrograph · 100 µm. Tong et al. (2021), Fig. 3, left panel. A 10 × 12 mm laboratory specimen from hot-rolled billet was solution treated at 900°C for 60 min and oil quenched, before the cyclic heat-treatment experiments. This is not a finished grinding rod or evidence of its production condition, hardness or service performance. The histogram is excluded.
Selected panel; original scale retained. No retouching or generated detail.
Independent research specimen, not a JOTAIN batch or a supplied-property guarantee. Supply is defined by the ordered standard, condition and inspection records.
Ying Tong, Yu-Qing Zhang, Jiang Zhao, Guo-Zheng Quan, Wei Xiong. Wear-Resistance Improvement of 65Mn Low-Alloy Steel through Adjusting Grain Refinement by Cyclic Heat Treatment (2021). DOI · CC BY 4.0.
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Compare grades
Compare supplied forms, dimensions and delivery conditions
Supplied formRound bars & prepared blanks
ConditionQuenched & tempered
Published dimensionsØ20–400 mm · 3–12 m
Typical useHydraulic rods and shafts
Supplied formRound bars
ConditionAnnealed / QT
Published dimensionsØ20–300 mm · 3–12 m
Typical useGears, shafts and bolts
Supplied formRound bars & prepared blanks
ConditionHot rolled / Normalized / Annealed
Published dimensionsØ20–350 mm · 3–12 m
Typical useCylinder rods and general shafts
Supplied formRound bars
ConditionQuenched & tempered
Published dimensionsØ20–400 mm · 3–12 m
Typical useHeavy-duty shafts and gear shafts
Supplied formRound bars
ConditionQuenched & tempered
Published dimensionsØ20–350 mm · 3–12 m
Typical useFasteners and studs
Supplied formFinished grinding rods
ConditionHeat treated
Published dimensionsRegular Ø60–160 mm · Cut to order
Typical useGrinding rods and wear applications
| Grade | Supplied form | Condition | Published dimensions | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 42CrMo4 | Round bars & prepared blanks | Quenched & tempered | Ø20–400 mm · 3–12 m | Hydraulic rods and shafts |
| 40Cr | Round bars | Annealed / QT | Ø20–300 mm · 3–12 m | Gears, shafts and bolts |
| CK45 | Round bars & prepared blanks | Hot rolled / Normalized / Annealed | Ø20–350 mm · 3–12 m | Cylinder rods and general shafts |
| 34CrNiMo6 | Round bars | Quenched & tempered | Ø20–400 mm · 3–12 m | Heavy-duty shafts and gear shafts |
| 35CrMo | Round bars | Quenched & tempered | Ø20–350 mm · 3–12 m | Fasteners and studs |
| 65Mn | Finished grinding rods | Heat treated | Regular Ø60–160 mm · Cut to order | Grinding rods and wear applications |
Select to the specified standard and delivery condition. Grade names alone do not establish equivalence.
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